Balani and balanopostit

What is Balani and balanopostit?

Balani - is an inflammation of the head of the penis. Post - it is an inflammation of the internal leaf of the flesh (inner surface of foreskin). Typically Balani and post meet together, that is termed balanopostit.

Why is there Balani and balanopostit?

The main cause of inflammation of the head of the penis and foreskin is smegmy cluster, which is a breeding ground for microorganisms. Also balanitu balanopostitu and contribute to inflammatory diseases of the urethra (urethritis), purulent diseases of the skin of the penis, soft and hard chancre, disintegrating tumor of the penis.

The most common factor that leads to balanita and balanopostita is phimosis - the narrowing of the flesh.

As seen Balani and balanopostit?

The main manifestations of balanita and balanopostita are:

* Itch in the flesh
* Burning sensation in the head and foreskin
* Redness and swelling of the head of the penis and foreskin
* Purulent detachable from the bag preputsialnogo
* White caseous allocation or attacked with kandidoznom balanopostite
* Difficulty and pain in the exposure of the head of the penis

Treatment

Usually with balanitom and balanopostitom can cope with the help of local actions:

* Hygiene of the penis
* Washing the head of the penis in the bath with antiseptics
* If you spend phimosis circumcision.

Precancerous disease of the penis

There are several precancerous-, ie, those that can turn into cancer, diseases of the penis:

* Cutaneous horn is a formation caused by enhanced cornification of epithelium, which covers the head of the penis and the flesh. Most cutaneous horn occurs in the place of small lesions. Outwardly cutaneous horn is a dense (density nail) growth of 2-3 cm, yellow or whitish in color.
* Obliterating kserotichesky Balani arises because of the allocation smegmy. The main manifestation of this disease is the appearance of white spots, which are located on the foreskin and head of the penis. Such education often leads to a narrowing of the external openings of the urethra.
* Leukoplakia - is a defeat even the head of the penis due to enhanced epithelial cornification head of the penis and foreskin. There leukoplakia due to constant irritation. Leukoplakia rarely reborn in cancer.
* Pointed kondilomy is a viral disease that is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). These viruses cause warts, the erosion of the cervix in women. Pointed kondilomy can affect both the head of the penis, and scrotum, as well as perianalnuyu area (area of skin near the anus), mocheispukatelny channel. Genital warts, also called a pointed kondilomy appear in the form of pink, grozdevidnyh widening of the size of 2-4 cm When feeling these entities easily.
* Bovenoidny papulez is also a manifestation of viral infection. However, until now, scientists only assume some connection between bovenoidnym papulezom and HPV infection. This disease often leads to cancer of the penis. Outwardly manifested in the form of papular rash (pimple - low education, rise above the surface of the skin, containing no liquid).
* Tumor Bushkov - Levinshteyna or giant kondiloma looks like a pointed kondilomy, but, unlike them, the tumor may penetrate the deep layers of the epithelium of the penis.
* Kaposi’s sarcoma is a dark, bleeding, sensitivity dotragivanii papule in the skin of the penis. Kaposi sarcoma usually appears in patients with HIV infection at the stage of AIDS.

Treatment of precancerous diseases
The main method of treatment of precancerous diseases of the penis is their removal. Running removal to prevent cancer of the penis. Removal of precancerous diseases can be performed by various methods. This simple excision, and circumcision in the flesh, as well as electrocoagulation, laser effects, the use of chemically active substances (podofillin, TRICHLOROACETIC acid solution). In each case, the method of treatment chosen individually, based on the type and extent of lesions.

Cancer of the penis

How often and why a cancer of the penis?
Cancer of the penis is relatively rare in Europe and the United States. Approximately 1% of all cancers are cancer of the penis. In Asia, Africa, Latin America, cancer of the penis occurs much more frequently.

When asked why a cancer of the penis, there is no answer. We know that men, in the flesh, which is not circumcised, penis cancer occurs more frequently. But there are conflicting data, say that circumcision does not lead to a reduction in the risk of cancer of the penis. The golden mean is probably located in the premise that if uncircumcised foreskin and disregard for personal hygiene cancer occurs more frequently. This is due to the fact that stored smegma may irritate the mucous membranes of the penis, which in turn can lead to inflammation, the emergence of precancerous diseases and, as long during the process - to cancer.

Cause cancer and precancerous diseases may, as explained above.

Symptoms of cancer of the penis

The main symptom of cancer of the penis is the presence of a tumor. There are ekzofitnuyu and endofitnuyu growth forms of cancer. The first involves the growth of tumors in more outward, and the second involves the growth inside. When ekzofitnoy the cancer tumor has the mushroom shape. When endofitnoy - a tumor in the node is located inside the penis or in the form of anthrax. Most often, the tumor arises in coronal furrow penis, rarely in the flesh.

The tumor gradually increased in size, can pass from the head of the penis in the cavernous body. Tumor cells spread to the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal lymph nodes. As the blood cells can be distributed in the internal organs and infect them.

The basis of diagnosis of cancer of the penis - examination. Mandatory to establish a diagnosis is biopsy - lifetime study of tissues, котрое held under a microscope. Without a microscopic examination of tumor tissue surgical treatment is impossible.

Treatment

The main method of treatment of cancer of the penis is surgical. In small tumors (1 stage), it is possible organ treatment, which removed the tumor in the healthy tissue. In this part of the penis remains. In small tumors foreskin excision it is possible with full penis. In common tumors of the full removal of the penis (penektomiya). When you defeat inguinal lymph node removal surgery complement these sites. When you remove the penis in the perineum form external urethra orifice. Results of treatment of cancer of the penis can not be described as satisfactory. More than half of patients do not survive after treatment of 5 or more years.

Phimosis

What is phimosis?

Phimosis - this is the narrowing of the flesh, which does not expose the head of the penis. Foreskin is called the skin covering the head of the penis. It has two leaves - the inner, which is a mucous membrane and the outer, which is a continuation of the skin of the penis.

What types of phimosis are?

Phimosis is a physiological and pathological. Physiological phimosis observed in newborn boys. Head of the penis they can not reveal and it is normal, which is not difficult urination, not a possible cause of inflammatory diseases. Over time, foreskin increases, it increases the hole, and the head can be naked without any effort.

Pathologic phimosis occurs as a result of inflammatory processes occurring in the foreskin. Typically, these inflammatory processes are the two diseases - Balani and balanopostit - inflammation of the head and / or foreskin.

What is dangerous phimosis?

Phimosis is not a danger to life, but for the penis danger it represents. The inability to uncover the head of the penis can lead to the following:

* Continuous inflammation foreskin and head of the penis until an expanded picture of the disease, when the temperature increases, the increase in lymph nodes
* Udavleniyu head of the penis. If sex can denude head violently. As a result sdavleniya penis intended flesh swelling occurs, but in the absence of timely assistance provided may develop gangrene of the penis.

Diagnosis of phimosis

Phimosis Diagnosis is based on determining complaints and inspection of the patient. Well-conducted survey of the patient, as phimosis may contribute to such diseases as diabetes mellitus.

Treatment of phimosis

The main and the only method of treatment of phimosis is circumcision - an operation to eliminate in whole or in part the flesh.

EPISPADIYA

What is epispadiya?

Epispadiya - this is an anomaly of development of the penis, in which the external orifice urethra (the urethra) is located on the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis. Epispadiya found both men and women. Women epispadiya often combined with developmental clitoris and the urinary bladder.

Why is there epispadiya?

Epispadiya connected with the violation of the development of the reproductive organs during intrauterine development. Specific causes of stay up to date on the unknown.

As seen epispadiya?

A typical arrangement is for epispadii external openings mocheispukatelnogo channel for men. For women, there forked clitoris, a nesformirovannaya urethra and bladder neck. Almost all girls and 70% of boys indicated enuresis. In addition, patients with epispadiey notes the frequent presence of underdevelopment bladder (small bladder), and cystic-mochetochnikovy reflux - a reverse drop of urine from the bladder into ureter.

What treatment epispadii?

Treatment epispadii surgery. Men used plastic urethra. When the female clitoris epispadii performed plastic and reconstruction of the bladder neck.

Priapizm

What is priapizm?
Priapizm - so long, usually painful erection, which is not connected with sexual excitement. The term comes from the name of the Greek god Priapa, the penis, which is in eregirovannom condition. Always ready to have sex Priapu in Greek mythology to the roles of the deities of fertility.

Types priapizm
There are two types priapizma - with poor blood supply (ischemic) and with a good blood supply (neishemichesky). Ischemic priapizm can develop as a result of sickle-cell anemia, leukemia, use of anticoagulants (drugs that reduce blood coagulability), the defeat of the spinal cord, fat embolism, malignant inflammation of the penis, the offline neyropatii as well as the actions of some drugs. Often the causes of ischemic priapizma remain unknown.

Priapizm with good blood supply most often develops as a result of injuries perineum, penis. It might be a communication between the artery and the cavernous bodies of the penis. As a result, the penis fills with blood under high pressure. Return this blood is not able to evacuate, erection occurs.

As seen priapizm?
The main manifestation of involuntary erection priapizma is not related to sexual desire. Priapizm is often accompanied by pain in the penis. When priapizme unlike true erection firm becomes cavernous body, while the head of the penis remains soft.

Dangerous whether priapizm? What to do

The main danger priapizma is a breach of the blood tissue of the penis, necrosis, which can lead to the implementation of amputation of the penis. In ischemic priapizme (weak blood), after some time due to injury occurs fibrosis - the proliferation of connective tissue. When fibrosis occurs impotence.

If you find priapizma must address urgently YOUR PHYSICIAN! In the case of priapizma with a good blood supply situation is acute. It requires immediate surgical intervention. With increasing duration priapizma dramatically increases the frequency of subsequent occurrence of erectile dysfunction.

Treatment
Treatment priapizma begins with the examination and obtain the complaints, as well as certain features. After establishing the diagnosis may be initiated treatment. When priapizme with poor blood supply (ischemic), must be the true causes and the possible impact on them. Treatment directly priapizma in this case starts with a non-surgical methods. Thus, in one of the cavernous bodies are introducing a needle, picked up a small amount of blood sent to the study. In the cavernous body injected saline solution. Again manipulation until blood did not become scarlet. Then introduce a special product (Fenilefrin), which eliminates the phenomenon priapizma.

The same tactics have at priapizme with good krovenapolneniem. If the ineffectiveness of measures required surgical treatment. This creates communication between the cavernous bodies and the head of the penis or the system of subcutaneous veins. In such cases, blood is removed from the cavernous bodies through an additional path.

Injuries external genital organs

What kinds of damage to the penis?

How many injuries and trauma of the penis are divided into closed and open. Closed injuries are accompanied by damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue or spread to the cavernous body, which accumulates in the blood of erection. Closed injuries may be accompanied by damage belochnoy shell cavernous bodies. Belochnaya envelope - dense tissue, which retains the cavernous body in some form. When the effects of traumatic agent on the penis in a state of erection can take place “fracture” cavernous bodies. Most often such situations arise at sharp bend eregirovannogo penis while trying to forced intercourse, as well as the impact of heavy objects.

Bruising of the penis accompanied with massive hemorrhage into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. There is swelling and lividity, often the penis becomes black. When you break a cavernous bodies bruise even greater proportions. Stored blood is transferred to the scrotum, pubis and inner thighs.

Open injuries occur as a consequence of the effects of injuring, bites of animals (horses, dogs, cows, etc.) When you stab wounds indicated damage cavernous bodies, accompanied by abundant bleeding. Often in such cases, partial or complete amputation of the penis.

How to treat injuries of the penis?

And closed and open injuries of the penis be subject to immediate surgical intervention. When bruises and injuries belochnoy shell with the formation of hematoma requires opening it, the removal of blood clots. At belochnuyu sheath placed seams. Otherwise, there may be a purulent infection and, subsequently, a persistent curvature of the penis and the lack of a normal erection.

In open injuries requiring wound, removal nekrotizirovannyh tissue, restoring belochnoy shell. When the amputation of the penis requires falloplastika - plastic surgery to rebuild the penis. Amputated part of the penis substitute stalk, which is to find out the skin and the rib which is fixed or plastic construction.

Open injuries penis, often accompanied by damage to the urethra, which requires the imposition of fistula in the bladder. After the operation, urine flows through the hole in the bladder, retired in nadlobkovoy area. Later, when restoring the urethra, fistula closed.
Injuries scrotum and testicles

What kinds of injuries scrotum?

The most common injuries are the result of sdavleniya scrotum and / or injury, less the result of stab and gunshot wounds. Extremely isolated injury scrotum injuries occur when a frame of a bicycle saddle, with classes at the bars or other sporting projectiles.

As a result of closed injuries can occur hematoma - a limited accumulation of blood between the layers of tissue surrounding the testicle. Hematoma can reach impressive sizes, resulting in an increase in the size of scrotum, smoothing the folds of skin, as well as pain from sdavleniya.

Open injury scrotum accompanied by damage to the skin. They can be quite different depth and vastness. It may be small and shallow wound, but may be extensive wounds, up to a full amputation scrotum. In deep wounds became prominent testicle, which often suffers from a traumatic agent, which sometimes necessitates its removal.

When injuries testicles always deteriorating general condition. Often a painful shock, which in itself can lead to death.

How to treat injuries scrotum?

And open and closed injuries require prompt treatment. In the presence of hematoma is necessary to open it and remove. After that, the wound drainage in order to re-accumulate fluid and blood escape outwards, creating conditions for the occurrence of infection. In open injuries, and bottom edges of the wound and sew exsect. If an amputation scrotum, but retained testicles, they are placed under the skin of the thigh, which subsequently created surgically “new” scrotum.

Gunshot wounds

Gunshot wounds are included in a separate injury scrotum. The main manifestation of such injuries is, above all, the heavy state of the patient, due to, as a rule, not only the trauma of the testicles, but also other organs. Treatment of gunshot wounds is protivoshokovoy therapy, and only then, or simultaneously be made directly to the wound treatment. Often, gunshot wounds to the full crush the testicles, which requires the removal of debris and ushivaniya wounds. The consequence of such wounds is infertility.

Fibrosis of cavernous bodies

Fibrosis of cavernous bodies can be defined as the growth of connective tissue in the cavernous bodies.

We know that the erection is dependent on krovenapolneniya, which in turn depends on the ability of cells of cavernous body relax. The more established through the cavernous bodies of the tank, the more expressed erection.

Fibrosis leads to a reduction in the volume of cavernous bodies. As a result of erection does not reach its maximum, and running instances, not even arise.

Fibrosis of cavernous bodies may be a consequence of the following reasons:

* Injuries of the penis
* The introduction of foreign bodies in the cavernous body (wax, paraffin, etc.)
* Intrakavernoznaya therapy impotence

The main method of treatment of impotence associated with fibrosis cavernous bodies is falloprotezirovanie.

Gipospadiya

What is gipospadiya?

Gipospadiya - a condition in which the external urethra opening is located on the underside of the penis rather than at its top. If the external orifice opens at the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis we are talking about epispadii. Gipospadiya common in boys 5-8 out of every 1000 births, or about 1 case in 200 births.

Why is there gipospadiya?

Gipospadiya is the result of genetic disorders. There was a small increase in risk of gipospadii brothers child with gipospadiyu. So far, just do not know what exactly a violation of the genetic apparatus causes gipospadii.

Where could be a hole in the urethra gipospadii?

Opening the urethra can be located anywhere in the lower surface of the penis from head to that part of the penis, which is located near lobka. Most often mentioned distal gipospadiya in which the urethra opening is located in the coronal ridge of the penis (80-85%). More rarely, there is a hole in the trunk of the penis (10-15%). Even rarer is a hole in the perineum (5-10%). Recent cases of the most difficult period.

What treatment gipospadii?

The main method of treatment is surgical gipospadii. It is believed that the optimal age for treatment gipospadii is 6-15 months. Currently, there are several dozen kinds of operations on the gipospadii. The most commonly used plastic with your own tissue. Surgical intervention is usually performed in a hospital, but the postoperative period may take place and at home.

Peyroni disease

Peyroni disease - a curvature of the penis during erection. The cause of deviation is fibrosis (proliferation of connective tissue) belochnoy shell. The latter is a “skeleton” for the cavernous bodies.

For the first time the disease Peyroni was described as early as 1561. Interestingly, the description of its well-known anatomist Fallopius, which is named in honor of uterine tubes (fallopian tubes). Named in honor of the disease was Francois La Peyroni - court surgeon Louis XV.

Incidence of curvature of the penis is quite high and amounts to 388 cases per 100,000 population. In doing so, the bulk of patients are men aged 30 to 50 years. Scientists note that the number of patients is constantly increasing.

Until now, the causes of disease Peyroni remains largely unknown. It is believed that fibrosis belochnoy the envelope of the penis may be associated with mikrotravmami, which occurs Nadra tissues. As a result, the inflammatory reaction that subsequently leads to a “scar” on belochnoy shell.

As we said above, the main manifestation of the disease Peyroni is the curvature of the penis. There is a curvature with erection. The degree of curvature depends on the severity of injury. Deviation from the normal axis can range from 10 to 90 degrees and above. The penis may be “rotated” in any direction. Often the distortion makes it impossible for the sexual act.

In 30-40 per cent of cases of illness Peyroni indicates erectile dysfunction (impotence). This often causes its development remain unknown. It can be both psychogenic and organic changes. Scientists believe that belochnoy seal the envelope leading to the outflow of blood from the cavernous bodies of veins. As a result, the venous stagnation, and as a consequence of erectile dysfunction.

Treatment of the disease Peyroni is the excision of fibrous plaque, which leads to bending during operation. The operation is not as straightforward as it seems at first sight and requires a doctor’s experience and knowledge.

Complement these operations can falloprotezirovanie, which eliminated certain curvature of the penis and erection is restored.

Elongation penis

«Women prefer an extra inch in the male member of all that she can give like this, and other world» - this old Arabic aphorism could not have more eloquently reflects the importance of the reason for the large size of male genitals.

Numerous anonymous questionnaires revealed a number of reasons why men want to increase the size of his penis:
- Enhancing the attractiveness of foreign
- Improving the quality of sex
- Improving self-esteem
- When a man hesitate to undress, believing that he has a small penis

Satisfied with the type and size of his genitals is often caused by their own feelings of inferiority, can cause depression, be the cause of excessive shyness and isolation. And if a man has convinced himself that his penis is too small, no assurances of doctors that his body «medium» or «normal» fail. The man will look for opportunities to increase the size of his penis. Introduction of various ointments, oils, solid objects under the skin of the penis - the assortment of «folk» treatments - perfectly reflects the breadth of the distribution of such «frustration». However, every oncologist knows what the price of «folk treatments».

Before we start talking about medical technology increases, it is necessary to touch on several important aspects:

Based on the generalized data of adult males, with the penis in a state of erection 9,5 cm in length and can be absolutely sure that he has the penis average size. Penis less than 9.5 cm in length is called a small penis. Penis is not more than 2 cm is called mikropenisom.
It is well known that all existing surgical techniques lead to a noticeable lengthening of the penis only in the quiet, the length of body in a state of erection and the increase is much smaller.
All of this should be taken into consideration when you decide on the need to consult a specialist on the subject.

Medical technology to increase the length of the penis can be divided into 3 groups: surgical, non-surgical and combined.

The essence of all surgical techniques is to increase the hanging department of the penis, by reducing its promezhnostnogo (hidden) department. This is achieved through the intersection of the ligament apparatus of the penis, keeps him in promezhnostnoy area. It is clear that this is the penis does not change in size, but the redistribution of length in the upward part of his hanging. This plastic surgery average complexity and is performed under general anesthesia. As with any surgical intervention, sometimes there are complications, of which the surgeon will warn you in advance.
For non-surgical means of lengthening of the penis include the use of special tensile device, which is called extensors. This method allows a constant (not changing over time), increasing the length of the penis is relaxed, and in a state of erection, that distinguishes this technique from a purely surgical. The method is a natural physiological reaction of living tissue to annex tensile strength. Any part of the human body subjected to tension, is responsible for this effect an accelerated cell division and increase the mass of tissue. Some African tribes have long used this principle to the extension of the neck, ears, lips and penis. On the same principle is a method of treatment shortened limbs of our famous compatriot Professor Ilizarov. Using the extensors are not burdensome. It can be worn throughout to (at least 6 hours a day), and the patient can stand, lie down, walk, sit. Elongation at 3-5 cm occurs when wearing extensors within 6 months. And eregirovannogo lengthening of the penis of 3 cm corresponds to lengthening of the penis relaxed at 2 cm When used extensors not observed any adverse reactions do not result in thinning of the penis, has no effect on fertility and sexual potency.
The third extension of the penis - combined. At the first stage of surgery is performed, then used extensors of classical technique. The results of treatment are striking! Record the operation was done in the Scandinavian Clinic of Plastic Surgery. Before the intervention dyne penis in a safe condition is equivalent to 4.5 cm after the operation and 3 months of regular use of long extensors of the penis in the original state has reached 19 cm
Thus, at present there are various effective ways of lengthening the penis. Decide on the appropriate treatment increases, the most acceptable method for lengthening will help you to receive specialist andrologist.